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Chapter 1: Platform and Reference Overview
The Ixia system is the most comprehensive tool available for testing multilayer 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, Ethernet Gigabit, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, and Packet over SONET switches, routers, and networks.
The Ixia product family includes chassis, load modules, the Ixia IxExplorer software program, and optional Tcl scripts and related software. A chassis can be configured with any mix of load modules, and multiple chassis can be daisychained and synchronized to support very large and complex test environments. The Ixia IxExplorer software provides complete configuration, control, and monitoring of all Ixia resources in the test network, and the Tcl scripts allow to rapidly conduct the most popular industry benchmark tests.
The Optixia XM12 provides high port density and hot swappable capability. The Optixia XM2 provides hot-swappable capability in a more portable format. The Optixia X16 chassis also provides hot-swappable capability for up to 16 load modules.
The Optixia XL10 offers the highest port density with support for up to 240 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 54 10-GbE ports in a single chassis. Other chassis models are the IXIA 400T (supports up to four load modules), the IXIA 250 (supports one built-in module and two extra modules), and IXIA 100 (supports one card). Depending on network technology, one to 48 ports can be packaged on a card. A card is also referred to as a load module. For most media, any combination of load modules may be included in a single chassis. The highly scalable architecture supports daisy-chaining of up to 256 chassis that may be locally synchronized. Thus, even the most complex systems can be tested thoroughly and cost-effectively.
You can configure and control the unit directly through connections to a keyboard, mouse, monitor, and printer. Also, the unit can be connected to an Ethernet network, and an administrator can remotely monitor and control it using the IxExplorer software program. Multiple users can access the unit simultaneously, splitting the ports within a chassis and controlling the activity and configuration of all ports and functions.
Front panel displays give immediate indication of link state, transmission or reception of packets, and error conditions.
Ixia produces a number of load modules which provide data transmission and reception capabilities for a variety of Ethernet, ATM, and Packet Over Sonet (POS) speed and technologies. These load modules reside in an Ixia chassis, which provide different numbers of load module slots and power. This chapter introduces the Ixia hardware components. The Ixia chassis and load modules are compared and contrasted.
Ixia Chassis
The following Ixia chassis are currently available for sale:
- XG12 Chassis: The XG12 Chassis is the next generation high performance chassis platform capable of supporting next generation load modules. It is a 12 slot chassis with increased power and airflow delivery along with reservations for increased performance to the card. The 12-slot platform allows for higher port density load modules.
- XGS12 Chassis: The XGS12 Chassis is the next generation high performance platform capable of supporting all XM form factor load modules, including full chassis configurations of the Xcellon load modules. It is a 12-slot chassis with highspeed backplane (160 Gbps between each adjacent two cards) designed for aggregation across load modules.
- Optixia XM12 Chassis: Capable of holding up to 12 Ixia load modules and equipped with extra power and fans required for high-powered load modules. Supports higher port density. Modules can be inserted and removed from the chassis without shutting the chassis down, and a load module can be removed without impacting the processes of other load modules. An optional Sound Reducer (PN 943-0021) can be installed on the rear of the XM12 chassis, to reduce the fan noise by approximately 10 dB. The XM12 High Performance version (PN OPTIXIAXM12-02) has two 2.0 kW power supply; the standard XM12 version has two 1.6 kW power supply.
- Optixia XM2 Chassis: Capable of holding two Ixia load modules and equipped with extra power and fans required for some high-powered load modules. Supports higher port density. Modules can be inserted and removed from the chassis without shutting the chassis down, and a load module can be removed without impacting the processes of other load modules.
- Optixia X16 Chassis: Capable of holding up to 16 Ixia load modules and equipped with extra power and fans required for some high-powered load modules. Modules can be inserted and removed from the chassis without shutting the chassis down, and a load module can be removed without impacting the processes of other load modules.
- Optixia XL10 Chassis: Capable of holding a combination of high-density Ixia load modules with 24 ports. It supports up to 240 10/100/1000 Mbps ports. It is equipped with redundant power supplies. Modules can be inserted and removed from the chassis without shutting the chassis down, and a load module can be removed without impacting the processes of other load modules. The Optixia XL10 chassis includes sufficient power and airflow to support high-powered load modules.
- IXIA 400T Chassis: Capable of holding up to four Ixia load modules and equipped with extra power and fans required for some high-powered load modules.
- IXIA 250 Chassis: A portable Field Service Unit (FSU) which includes a single port (either copper 10/100/1000 or fiber 1000) and capable of holding up to two additional Ixia load modules. May optionally be equipped with a built-in CDMA receiver.
The following Ixia chassis are no longer available for sale:
- IXIA 1600T Chassis: Capable of holding up to 16 Ixia load modules and equipped with extra power and fans required for some high-powered load modules.
- Ixia 100 Chassis: The IXIA 100 is capable of holding one Ixia load module and includes a built-in GPS or CDMA receiver.
All Ixia chassis have the ability to hold one or more standard load modules. Ixia load modules provide media dependent and independent ports to Devices Under Test (DUTs). Any of the chassis may be daisy-chained and provide synchronized operations. The IXIA 100 chassis includes timing provisions based on GPS which allows accurate worldwide synchronization without local inter-chassis connections.
Each chassis contains a self-contained computer running Windows XP Professional™ and includes a 10/100/1000MB network interface and local disk. They may include a floppy drive, a CD-ROM drive, or DVD-ROM drive. A chain of chassis may be controlled through a monitor, keyboard, and mouse directly connected to any of the chassis or remotely through the network interface card. Multiple users may safely share ports in a chassis chain. Several of the high-end load modules consume more power and generate additional heat. Only a limited number of such modules may be used in selected chassis. The basic characteristics of these chassis are compared in Table 1-1 on page 1-4. The process of initial chassis configuration is explained in Chapter 1, Platform and Reference Overview. Each chassis is further described in its own chapter.
Ixia Load Modules
Ixia offers a number of load modules that provide one to 24 ports of technology and media dependent interfaces to DUTs. The load modules are divided into logical families. Each family of load modules is discussed in details in its own chapter in this manual.
- IXIA Impairment Load Modules: Offer 4x1GE, 4x10GE, or 2x40GE Ethernet interfaces that can emulate 64, 32, or 8 unidirectional network clouds respectively
- IXIA Xcellon-Lava Load Modules: Provide testing of high-density data center 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) network equipments.
- IXIA 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet Load Modules: Provide 40 and 100 Gbps Ethernet with a variety of interfaces.
- IXIA 10 Gigabit Ethernet Load Modules: Provide 10 Gbps Ethernet with a variety of interfaces.
- IXIA 1GbE and 10GbE Aggregation Load Modules: Provide 10 Gbps and 1 Gbps Ethernet on the same module with a variety of interfaces.
- IXIA 10GE LAN/WAN and OC 192 POS Load Modules: Provide Optical Carrier interfaces that operate in concatenated mode at OC192 or 10 Gigabit Ethernet rates. One of the following modes can be used:
- IXIA 10/100/1000 Load Modules: Provide either 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps Ethernet speeds with auto-negotiation (except for Gigabit).
- IXIA Gigabit Load Modules: Provide 1000 Mbps Ethernet speeds.
- IXIA OC12 ATM/POS Load Modules: Provide Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) functions.
- IXIA 10/100 Load Modules: Utilize a copper interface and provide either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps Ethernet speeds with auto-negotiation with or without a per-port CPU.
- IXIA 100 Load Modules: Utilize a fiber interface and provide 100 Mbps Ethernet with auto-negotiation.
- IXIA OC12 ATM/POS Load Modules: Enables high performance testing of routers and broadband aggregation devices such as DSLAMs and PPP termination systems.
- IXIA OC12c/OC3c Load Modules: Provide selectable Optical Carrier interfaces that operate in concatenated mode at OC3 or OC12 rates. Packet over Sonet (POS) is implemented on the interfaces.
- IXIA OC48c Load Modules: Provide Optical Carrier interfaces that operate in concatenated mode at OC48 rates. Either Packet over Sonet (POS) or Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) may be performed.
- IXIA Power over Ethernet Load Modules: Provide 10/100/1000 port emulation of network Powered Devices.
- IXIA Stream Extraction Modules: Provide 10/100/1000 stream capture and analysis of network devices.
- IXIA FCMGXM Load Modules: Deliver high-density converged data center infrastructure for testing end-to-end Fibre Channel and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) testing.
- IXIA Xcellon-Flex Load Modules: Deliver high-density, high performance test solutions.
- IXIA Xcellon-Multis Load Modules: Deliver highest density 40G and 100G higher speed Ethernet (HSE) test equipment, providing more flexible test coverage and 4x100GE, 12x40GE, or dual-rate 40GE/100GE, all in a single-slot load module.
- IXIA PerfectStorm Load Modules: Provides a scalable solution for testing converged multi-play services, application delivery, and network security platforms for both wired and wireless networks
- IXIA Xdensity XDM10G32S/8S Load Modules: Provide test solutions for high density 10GE converged data center switches and routers.
Load modules with part numbers that contain -3 or -M are limited in their functionality. Newer boards also may have an `L' before the last number in their part number, signifying the same limited functionality (that is, LSM10GL1-01). In general, -3 and -M modules do not have the following functions:
- Flows, except where Streams are not supported
- Advanced Streams (however, included with OC48C-3)
- Packet Groups (however, included with OC48C-3)
- Latency (however, included with OC48C-3)
- Sequence Checking (however, included with OC48C-3)
- Data Integrity (however, included with OC48C-M)
- Multiple DLCIs on OC48c load modules
- Convert to streams in capture view
- Protocol Server for router testing
`L' modules do not have the following functions:
Reduced vs. Full Feature
Some load modules are available in a Reduced Features version, which is identified by an `R' before the last number in their part number. The following table illustrates the differences for one family of cards, NGY.
Load Module Names
The load module names used within the IxExplorer software differ slightly from the load module names used in Ixia marketing literature. Table 1-3 on page 1-7 describes the mapping from load module names to the names in the Ixia price list and those used in IxExplorer. The reverse mapping, alphabetized, is shown in Table 1-4 on page 1-12.
Ixia Load Module Properties
The Ixia load modules, or load modules, support a wide range of features, which are described in Table 1-5.
The full set of supported features per card is described in the spreadsheet Port Features by Port Type on the Ixiacom.com website, under Support/User Guides/Spreadsheets.
Notes:Card Properties
Details about the card characteristics described in Table 1-6 are presented in the chapters about specific load modules.
Number of captured packets, an important characteristic, cannot be expressed as a simple number. It is dependent on a number of factors as mentioned in the following list:
The general equation is:
# of captured packets = (size of capture buffer) - (memory used by other functions) (min (captured packet, capture slice) + (per packet overhead)To get an idea of the memory available for packet capture, a set of simple experiments can be run. For example, Table 1-7 indicates the measured number of packets captured for different packet sizes. The type of card used is an LM100TX, which has a 2MB capture buffer. The buffer slice is set to 8191.
The experiment indicates that there is approximately 1.8 MB available for data capture.
Maximum number of PGIDs
The maximum number of PGIDs for designated load module families is provided in Table 1-8.
Table 1-8. Maximum PGID Summary Load Module Family Receive Mode Maximum Number PGIDs1(Decimal) LM100TX Packet Group 57344 First Timestamp LM1000GBIC Packet Group 57344 Sequence Checking N/A First Timestamp LM100TXS8 Packet Group 65536 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 128 Capture + Sequence Checking 128 Wide Packet Group 131072 LM1000STXS4 and
LSM1000XMS12-01,
LSM1000XMSP12-01 Packet Group 65536 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 128 Capture + Sequence Checking 128 Wide Packet Group 131072 Wide Packet Group (Reduced Feature) 65536 LSM1000XMV family
(4, 8, 12, and 16-port) Wide Packet Group 131072 Wide Packet Group (Reduced Feature) 65536 Wide Packet Group/Wide Bin Mode (Full Feature) 1048576 ASM1000XMV Wide Packet Group/Wide Bin Mode 1048576 LSM10G
including MSM10G and MSM2.5G Wide Packet Group 2097152 Wide Packet Group (Reduced Feature) 65536 100GE LSM XMV, 40GE LSM XMV, and
40/100GE LSM XMV Wide Packet Group 1048576 LM10G and LM10GE Packet Group 65536 Sequence Checking 8192 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 8192 Wide Packet Group 131072 LMOC-12 Packet Group 57344 Sequence Checking N/A LMOC-48 Packet Group 65536 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 512 Capture + Sequence Checking 512 LMOC-192 Packet Group 1024 Sequence Checking 1024 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 1024 Wide Packet Group 131072 LM622MR Packet Group 65536 Packet Group + Sequence Checking 128 Capture + Sequence Checking 128 Wide Packet Group 131072 LavaAP40/100GE Sequence Checking 1048576 Data Integrity Wide Packet Groups 1048576 Latency/Jitter
1The maximum number of PGIDs is the maximum hardware PGID that can be supported by a particular load module in a particular mode. If time bin, latency, or other parameters are enabled, the maximum PGID that can be supported is reduced.
All modules have a maximum 2048 time bins. All modules that support latency bins have quantity 16 latency bins.
New in Version 6.60 EA Patch1
The following features are new in this release:
- XGS12 Chassis
For more information, see Chapter 7, XGS12 Chassis
- PerfectStorm Load Modules
For more information, see Chapter 36, IXIA PerfectStorm Load Modules
- Subscription Licensing model for IxVM ports
For more information, see Licensing.
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